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I am trying to understand at a conceptual level , how are databases synchronized when they are largely distributed. eg a rail/airline reservation system. Do each of the market leaders have their own proprietary solution to handle this scenario?

Are they all locally present and each transaction is checked against a master copy?

I have worked with fail over databases which are locally present, i.e. master-slave scenario where on takes over when the other fails; but how are database which require real time transaction ability synchronized?

Ricko M
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Wikipedia has a good article on the Airline Reservation System. Quite a few references.

DCookie
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Lots of distributed applications don't need to be 100% consistent all the time. Here's an article by Amazon's Werner Vogels on the subject:

http://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2008/12/eventually_consistent.html

Pop
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  • The questioner clearly cites examples of distributed systems which *do* need to be synchronized in real time: ticket reservation systems. Eventual consistency is not an appropriate solution for such applications. – APC May 29 '11 at 03:56