The IBM documentation appears to suggest you can only update existing records with the unique ID:
Use the PUT method to update or insert a resource. An update request
must provide the unique ID of the resource. To update an object
structure resource, the ID of the main object is required.
https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLKT6_7.6.0/com.ibm.mif.doc/gp_intfrmwk/rest_api/r_rest_put_method.html
The response received using the url you provided appears to bear this out in as far as it indicates the work order cannot be created as it already exists:
Error 400: BMXAA4129E - The record for Site=BEDFORD, Work Order=1234
already exists. Ensure that the key value for the given record is
unique.
Reviewing the information at the following url I wasn't able to determine a method to perform the update without the unique ID:
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/wikis/form/anonymous/api/wiki/02db2a84-fc66-4667-b760-54e495526ec1/page/87348f89-b8b4-4c4a-94bd-ecbe1e4e8857/attachment/0a884bde-d17e-471b-b046-7f8feddfd267/media/MaximoNextGenRESTAPI%20%281%29.pdf
In addition the Maximo RESTful API Swagger documentation indicates a POST to /os/mxwo is used to "Create a new resource":
/maximo/oas3/api.html?includeactions=1#/Work_Order_Definition_(MXWO)/post_os_mxwo
Whilst a POST to /os/mxwo/{id} is used to "Update WORKORDER Object":
/maximo/oas3/api.html?includeactions=1#/Work_Order_Definition_(MXWO)/post_os_mxwo__id_
I was however able to update an existing work order using the unique ID. This being the case I can only suggest one of the following:
- If you're creating the work order first using the REST/OSLC API,
retrieve and store the unique ID from the response received when the
record is created.
- If (1) above is not possible, perform a GET and use parameters in
the query to filter on wonum and siteid and only receive back the minimum of
fields (e.g. workorderid only).
- If neither (1) or (2) are feasible investigate whether it's possible
to customise Maximo and create your own endpoint for the work order
object structure that takes wonum and siteid as parameters,
retrieves the mbo and performs the update.