From my understanding, TFS is nothing else than Azure DevOps and Azure
DevOps is using Git as technology.
You may have some misunderstanding about TFS.
TFS the full name is Team Foundation Server name changed name to Azure DevOps Server, is the on-premises version of Azure DevOps Service. It has both Git and TFVC as source control, not only for Git.
However there is a little difference for this(TFS) in UiPath Studio. It offers the tools to connect automation projects to version control systems through the Team page in the Backstage view.
It provides three types:Git , TFS ,SVN.

After go through official link in UiPath Studio. TFS Version in UiStudio should just be TFVC version control.
The folder path, and description of "check out" all indicate it's actually TFVC version control in TFS. I haven't used and verified in UiPath Studio. Below conclusion is surmised according to official tutorial in UiPath Studio.
So the difference should be:
- If you want to use TFVC in TFS, you need to use TFS Version Control
to connect TFS url.
- If you want to use Git in TFS, you need to use Git Version Control to
connect Git repo url.
- If you want to use Git provided by others such as GitHub, you need to
use Git Version Control to connect GitHub repo url.
Hope this is clearly.