A loop shaped is made up of multiple edge segments. You will need to loop over all the edge segments and find the closest point on each edge to your circle's center. The closest of all these should be the point actually used for the collision. If it is at one of the 'tips' of the edge segment it belongs to, the circle hit the end of the edge. If it is somewhere along the middle of the edge, it landed smoothly.
I may be misunderstanding what you mean by 'smoothly', but in any case if you do the above you will have the two endpoints of the edge that was actually hit, and the direction of travel of the circle, so you can use these to decide for yourself whether it's smooth or not.