The CUBESET function returns the appropriate set:
CUBESET("ThisWorkbookDataModel",
"NONEMPTY([CohortGrowth].[MonthNo].CHILDREN,
([CohortGrowth].[CohortYear].&[2],
[CohortGrowth].[Cohort].&[Denver]))")
= {1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}
The CUBEVALUE with a slicer filter returns the appropriate value:
CUBEVALUE("ThisWorkbookDataModel",
"[Measures].[Sum of NewGDC]",
"[CohortGrowth].[CohortYear].&[1]",
"[CohortGrowth].[Cohort].&[Denver]",
Slicer_Month_Denver)
= $118,470
Slicer_Month_Denver has selected {1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}
But, when replacing the slicer with the CUBESET in the CUBEVALUE formula, the result is blank (a zero string result):
CUBEVALUE("ThisWorkbookDataModel",
"[Measures].[Sum of NewGDC]",
"[CohortGrowth].[CohortYear].&[1]",
"[CohortGrowth].[Cohort].&[Denver]",
CUBESET("ThisWorkbookDataModel",
"NONEMPTY([CohortGrowth].[MonthNo].CHILDREN,
([CohortGrowth].[CohortYear].&[2],
[CohortGrowth].[Cohort].&[Denver]))"))
= [blank]
I also tried putting the CUBESET into a separate cell and referencing the cell but it's the same result.
There are examples of embedding CUBESET into a CUBEVALUE Here and Here.