Is it possible to calculate a file's checksum without possessing the file?
Background
I'm interested in creating some software that would be used to download external files. I must be careful, because the files can be altered by the file owners.
I would like to keep a list of checksum values inside the software, to allow the software to validate that the external file is what it claims to be.
I believe this is easily possible once the external file is stored locally (i.e. after it has been downloaded), but I would ideally like to calculate the checksum for the file before downloading. Is this possible?
Essentially I'm tying to get a file's checksum without actually possessing the file. I think that sounds impossible, but I'm new to checksums and may be missing obvious techniques.