Technically, you have to select --Fixed Width--
when importing such a file (middle dropdown):

But you have to insert the different lengths at which each column ends. I find that doing that is quite a pain to use since one needs to count the characters (it's a bit easier in text editors which tell you the cursor position, but it's still quite a lot of manual work, and it was not like this in earlier versions, which is sad)...
So I'd really import it as you did, then use the text to columns feature:

Next, adjust the column separators as you need:

Next, assign data types as required (you can select multiple columns by holding down the shift key):

Click on finish, and that should be it!
