If I understand the following Linux command correctly, the query only starts at the given nameserver, but if it doesn't find a dns-zone there it sends the request on to the tld-nameserver.
dig mydomain.example @ns.mynameserver.example
My problem is I do also get a response if the dns zone doesn't exist on the my nameserver directly. Is there a way to check if the dns-zone exists on a given nameserver without having direct access to it?