Now that the App + Web property has evolved into Google Analytics 4, the Measurement Protocol is also updating to v2, but it is back into Alpha stage.
I answered a similar question earlier, so I'll provide that here as well:
Here is the Documentation specifically for the Measurement Protocol for GA4
As you can see it is back into an Alpha stage, so the answer to "how soon will the new Google Analytics 4 properties be supported in the Measurement Protocol API" is however long it takes Google to move from Alpha to Beta and then to stable release– I would plan for quite a while.
To include some code, here is a snippet from that documentation of one way to submit an event. That being said, just like the Measurement Protocol v1 there will undoubtably be countless ways to send data to the new API.
const measurement_id = `G-XXXXXXXXXX`;
const api_secret = `<secret_value>`;
fetch(`https://www.google-analytics.com/mp/collect?measurement_id=${measurement_id}&api_secret=${api_secret}`, {
method: "POST",
body: JSON.stringify({
client_id: 'XXXXXXXXXX.YYYYYYYYYY',
events: [{
name: 'tutorial_begin',
params: {},
}]
})
});