Basically, Maven define Phases, Goals, Plugins and Lifecycles.
Phase: A stage during a defined build Lifecycle.
Each Phase is a sequence of goals.
Goal: A Goal is responsible for a specific task.
Plugin: A Plugin is a group of Goals (Goals aren't necessarily all bound to the same phase).
Lifecycle: A Lifecycle is a sequence of Phases.
Having said that, there is a default set of Maven's Lifecycles.
- default (main lifecycle responsible for handle project deployment -build and deploy your project-)
- clean (lifecycle responsible for handle project cleaning)
- site (lifecycle reponsible for create project's site documentation)
Default Lifecycle phases
<phases>
<phase>validate</phase>
<phase>initialize</phase>
<phase>generate-sources</phase>
<phase>process-sources</phase>
<phase>generate-resources</phase>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<phase>compile</phase>
<phase>process-classes</phase>
<phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
<phase>process-test-sources</phase>
<phase>generate-test-resources</phase>
<phase>process-test-resources</phase>
<phase>test-compile</phase>
<phase>process-test-classes</phase>
<phase>test</phase>
<phase>prepare-package</phase>
<phase>package</phase>
<phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
<phase>integration-test</phase>
<phase>post-integration-test</phase>
<phase>verify</phase>
<phase>install</phase>
<phase>deploy</phase>
</phases>
Clean Lifecycle phases
<phases>
<phase>pre-clean</phase>
<phase>clean</phase>
<phase>post-clean</phase>
</phases>
<default-phases>
<clean>
org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean
</clean>
</default-phases>
Site Lifecycle phases
<phases>
<phase>pre-site</phase>
<phase>site</phase>
<phase>post-site</phase>
<phase>site-deploy</phase>
</phases>
<default-phases>
<site>
org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3:site
</site>
<site-deploy>
org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3:deploy
</site-deploy>
</default-phases>
See you that in default lifecycle there is not default-phases defined. It's because default phases to be executed in this lifecycle are specific defined for each packaging (ear, jar, war, rar, pom, etc). See default lifecycle bindings.
So, if you run 'mvn PHASE' eg. 'mvn install' you will execute default lifecycle INSTALL phase and all the preceding phases as well (this will execute all phases except those after the one defined 'install','deploy' will not be executed).
When you run 'mvn PLUGIN:GOAL' executes the defined plugin goal eg. 'mvn compiler:compile'. It will run all phases up to the defined phase (and all goals in those phases) including your defined goal.
There are a set of plugins that you can use to execute a OS command or a java process. Also there is a plugin to run Ant tasks that can be useful.
Mojo Exec plugin
mojo exec plugin reference
Eg. Execution using command line:
mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="com.example.Main" [-Dexec.args="argument1"] ...
Eg. Execution using a POM configuration:
<project>
...
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.6.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
...
<goals>
<goal>java</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.example.Main</mainClass>
<arguments>
<argument>argument1</argument>
...
</arguments>
<systemProperties>
<systemProperty>
<key>myproperty</key>
<value>myvalue</value>
</systemProperty>
...
</systemProperties>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
...
</project>
Maven Antrun plugin
antrun plugin reference
Eg. POM configuration:
<project>
...
<build>
<!-- To define the plugin version in your parent POM -->
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
</plugin>
...
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<!-- To use the plugin goals in your POM or parent POM -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
</plugin>
...
</plugins>
</build>
...
</project>
The maven-antrun-plugin has only one goal, run.
Eg. command line execution:
mvn antrun:run
More about usage and how to define your Ant targets in pom.xml:
usage
Antrun usage example
1 - Add plugin definition like this:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>my-gen-stats-task</id>
<phase>pre-site</phase>
<goals>
<goal>run</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<target>
<ant antfile="${basedir}/build.xml">
<target name="gen-stats"/>
</ant>
</target>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-net</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.ant</groupId>
<artifactId>ant-commons-net</artifactId>
<version>1.8.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
2 - Execute your defined maven phase:
mvn pre-site
You can play with SITE lifecycle... Try this example and see how if you run 'mvn pre-site' only your ant tasks defined in 'pre-site' phase are executed. Try running 'mvn site' and see how 'pre-site' and 'site' tasks are executed:
Eg.
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>my-pre-site</id>
<phase>pre-site</phase>
<goals>
<goal>run</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<tasks>
<echo>PRE-SITE PHASE!!!</echo>
</tasks>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>my-site</id>
<phase>site</phase>
<goals>
<goal>run</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<tasks>
<echo>SITE PHASE!!!</echo>
</tasks>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>my-post-site</id>
<phase>post-site</phase>
<goals>
<goal>run</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<tasks>
<echo>POST-SITE PHASE!!!</echo>
</tasks>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>my-site-deploy</id>
<phase>site-deploy</phase>
<goals>
<goal>run</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<tasks>
<echo>SITE DEPLOY PHASE!!!</echo>
</tasks>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
