Single hierachical query for both all ancestors/parents and children (DB2/SQLServer)

Question

I have found the solution for Oracle using UNION ALL on two hierarchical CONNECT BY queries, one fetching the ancestors and another the children.
I want to achieve the same for both DB2 and SQL Server.
I know one element it could be a root, branch or leaf on the hierarchy. I need to fetch its whole hierarchy.

Suppose I have itemid='item3' and class='my class', I need to find its ancestors and children, I came up with:

with ancestor (class, itemid, parent, base, depth)
as (
    select root.class, root.itemid, root.parent, root.itemid, 0
    from item root
    where root.class = 'myclass'
    and root.itemid = 'item3'
--      union all
--  select child.class, child.itemid, child.parent, root.base, root.depth+1
--  from ancestor root, item child
--  where child.class = root.class
--  and child.parent = root.itemid
        union all
    select parent.class, parent.itemid, parent.parent, parent.itemid, root.depth-1
    from ancestor root, item parent
    where parent.class = root.class
    and parent.itemid = root.parent
)
select distinct class, itemid, parent, base, depth
from ancestor 
order by class, base, depth asc, itemid

I want result like this:

class      itemid     parent     base     depth
myclass     item1     null      item3        -2
myclass     item2     item1     item3        -1
myclass     item3     item2     item3        0
myclass     item4     item3     item3        1
myclass     item5     item5     item3        2

If the above SQL is run I get the ancestors fine. Now if I remove the comments it seems to be on a infinite loop. There must be a way to make that work.
I am able to get the results in hierarchy one direction (ancestor or children) fine, but I am unable to get both on a single query.
Did anyone ever tried something like that?

Thanks

Do you allow multiple parents? Is this a Directed Acyclic Graph? — Matthew, Apr 20 '11 at 17:53
Can we assume that item5 has item4 as parent (io item5 as per your example). — Lieven Keersmaekers, Apr 20 '11 at 19:57

Lieven Keersmaekers · Accepted Answer · 2011-04-20T20:00:05.040

If you don't mind doing it using two WITH statements, following returns your entire hierarchy tree.

Test data

DECLARE @item TABLE (
  class VARCHAR(32)
  , itemid VARCHAR(32)
  , parent VARCHAR(32)
)

INSERT INTO @item VALUES 
  ('myclass', 'item1', null)  
  , ('myclass', 'item2', 'item1')  
  , ('myclass', 'item3', 'item2')    
  , ('myclass', 'item4', 'item3')    
  , ('myclass', 'item5', 'item4')

SQL Statement

;WITH children AS (
  SELECT  class
          , itemid
          , parent
          , base = itemid
          , depth = 0
  FROM    @item
  WHERE   class = 'myclass'
          AND itemid = 'item3'          
  UNION ALL
  SELECT  children.class
          , i.itemid
          , i.parent
          , children.base
          , children.depth + 1
  FROM    children
          INNER JOIN @item i ON i.parent = children.itemid
                                AND i.class = children.class
)
, parents AS (
  SELECT  *
  FROM    children
  WHERE   depth = 0
  UNION ALL
  SELECT  parents.class
          , i.itemid
          , i.parent
          , parents.base
          , parents.depth - 1
  FROM    parents
          INNER JOIN @item i ON i.itemid = parents.parent
                                AND i.class = parents.class                                  
)
SELECT  *
FROM    children
UNION 
SELECT  *
FROM    parents
ORDER BY depth

score 0 · Answer 2 · answered Apr 20 '11 at 16:57

In the commented query, you have to mention parent.parent is NULL

Please go through this http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186243.aspx

USE AdventureWorks2008R2; GO WITH DirectReports (ManagerID, EmployeeID, Title, DeptID, Level) AS (
-- Anchor member definition
    SELECT e.ManagerID, e.EmployeeID, e.Title, edh.DepartmentID, 
        0 AS Level
    FROM dbo.MyEmployees AS e
    INNER JOIN HumanResources.EmployeeDepartmentHistory AS edh
        ON e.EmployeeID = edh.BusinessEntityID AND edh.EndDate IS NULL
    WHERE ManagerID IS NULL
    UNION ALL
-- Recursive member definition
    SELECT e.ManagerID, e.EmployeeID, e.Title, edh.DepartmentID,
        Level + 1
    FROM dbo.MyEmployees AS e
    INNER JOIN HumanResources.EmployeeDepartmentHistory AS edh
        ON e.EmployeeID = edh.BusinessEntityID AND edh.EndDate IS NULL
    INNER JOIN DirectReports AS d
        ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID )
-- Statement that executes the CTE SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, Title, DeptID, Level FROM DirectReports INNER JOIN HumanResources.Department AS dp
    ON DirectReports.DeptID = dp.DepartmentID WHERE dp.GroupName = N'Sales and Marketing' OR Level = 0; GO

Thanks, but it is not that. I know one element it could be a root, branch or leaf on the hierarchy. I need to fetch its whole hierarchy. — Mashimom, Apr 20 '11 at 17:21

score 0 · Answer 3 · answered Apr 21 '11 at 02:19

0

use 3 CTEs

with 
ancestors as (...)
,children as (...)
,all_ as (select * from ancestors union all select * from children)
select * from all_

answered Apr 21 '11 at 02:19

Jim

61
3

Single hierachical query for both all ancestors/parents and children (DB2/SQLServer)

3 Answers3