Got it, help received from stackexchange.
https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/241172/transaction-log-is-full-due-to-nothing-but-this-database-is-in-simple-recov?noredirect=1#comment475763_241172
Autogrowth was set to 0. Unfortunately there's no way to see this in SSMS because it hides such settings about recovery-mode-simple DBs.
Query to see the real value of Autogrowth, thanks to @HandyD:
SELECT
db.name AS [Database],
mf.name AS [File],
CASE mf.[type_desc]
WHEN 'ROWS' THEN 'Data File'
WHEN 'LOG' THEN 'Log File'
END AS [FileType],
CAST(mf.[size] AS BIGINT)*8/1024 AS [SizeMB],
CASE
WHEN mf.[max_size] = -1 THEN 'Unlimited'
WHEN mf.[max_size] = 268435456 THEN 'Unlimited'
ELSE CAST(mf.[max_size]*8/1024 AS NVARCHAR(25)) + ' MB'
END AS [MaxSize],
CASE [is_percent_growth]
WHEN 0 THEN CONVERT(VARCHAR(6), CAST(mf.growth*8/1024 AS BIGINT)) + ' MB'
WHEN 1 THEN CONVERT(VARCHAR(6), CAST(mf.growth AS BIGINT)) + '%'
END AS [GrowthIncrement]
FROM sys.databases db
LEFT JOIN sys.master_files mf ON mf.database_id = db.database_id
where mf.name like 'aspnetdb%'
The other problem is that, in this state you can't change autogrowth. But you can alter size. So by increasing size and then introducing autogrowth, you can fix the problem.
ALTER DATABASE aspnetdb MODIFY FILE (
NAME = aspnetdb_log
, SIZE = 1GB
) --this fixes the problem
GO
ALTER DATABASE aspnetdb MODIFY FILE (
NAME = aspnetdb_log
, SIZE = 1025MB
, MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED
, FILEGROWTH = 10MB
) -- now we have autogrowth
GO
USE aspnetdb
DBCC SHRINKFILE(aspnetdb_log,1) --now we can shrink the DB back to a sane minimum since autogrowth is in place
GO