Deserialize JSON-File with multiple datatypes for a key

Question

I wanted to analyze Telegram-Chats so I exported a chat in JSON format and wanted to deserialize it into my analyzing software.

    {
      "id": 397910,
      "type": "message",
      "date": "2018-02-21T10:27:59",
      "edited": "1970-01-01T01:00:00",
      "from": "Username",
      "from_id": 39033284,
      "text": "Some Text"
    }

So I've used this simple code to read the JSON

    List<JSONObject> jsonObjects = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<JSONObject>>(File.ReadAllText(openFileDialog.FileName));

    public class JSONObject
    {
       public int ID;
       public string type;
       public string date;
       public string edited;
       public string from;
       public int fromID;
       public string photo;
       public int width;
       public int height;
       public string text;
    }

This went very well for the first 525 datasets but afterwards, I had trouble deserializing the data because of "consistency issues". The Datatype of the text sometimes changes to an array.

    {
       "id": 397911,
       "type": "message",
       "date": "2018-02-21T10:31:47",
       "edited": "1970-01-01T01:00:00",
       "from": "Username",
       "from_id": 272964614,
       "text": [
          "Some Text ",
          {
             "type": "mention",
             "text": "@school"
          },
          " Some Text"
       ]
    }

Also, I found this dataset

    {
       "id": 397904,
       "type": "message",
       "date": "2018-02-21T10:18:12",
       "edited": "1970-01-01T01:00:00",
       "from": "Username",
       "from_id": 39033284,
       "text": [
          {
             "type": "link",
             "text": "google.com"
          },
          "\n\nSome Text"
        ]
    }

I don't know how I deserialize the data when it shows this kind of inconsistency.

You have a strange Json requirement, where its not just an array, but array too contains different set of objects, though the answer to this question is quite custom, but here's a generic solution, which does a good job for variety of types, [Check Here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18994685/how-to-handle-both-a-single-item-and-an-array-for-the-same-property-using-json-n) — Mrinal Kamboj, May 19 '19 at 13:01

kipy · Accepted Answer · 2019-05-19T11:19:29.887

as your property is complex, you'll need to write your own de-serialization logic.

Here's mine, but it's just an example :

First of all, your text property seems to be
- A single value
- Or an array of values

In this case, I'll go for an "always list" result, the case with a single value will just be a list with one entry.

public List<TextProperty> text;

The value can also be
- A single string value
- An object with the string value and a meta datum (text type)

Again, I'll go for an "always object" with no type if it's string only

public class TextProperty
{
    public string text { get; set; }
    public string type { get; set; }
}

Then you have to make your own Converter to handle this, you just have to inherit from JsonConverter and implement the logic

public class TextPropertyConverter : JsonConverter
{
    public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException(); // not covered here
    }

    // A value can be either single string or object
    // Return a TextProperty in both cases
    private TextProperty ParseValue(JToken value) 
    {
        switch(value.Type)
        {
            case JTokenType.String:
                return new TextProperty { text = value.ToObject<string>() };

            case JTokenType.Object:
                return value.ToObject<TextProperty>();

            default:
                return null;
        }
    }

    public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        // You'll start either with a single value (we'll convert to list of one value) or an array (list of several values then)
        switch(reader.TokenType)
        {
            case JsonToken.String:
            case JsonToken.StartObject:
                return new List<TextProperty> { ParseValue(JToken.Load(reader)) };

            case JsonToken.StartArray:
                var a = JArray.Load(reader);
                var l = new List<TextProperty>();
                foreach(var v in a)
                    l.Add(ParseValue(v));
                return l;

            default:
                return null;
        }
    }

    public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType) => false;
}

I think all cases should be covered

To use it, simply add the JsonConverter attribute to the target property

public class JSONObject
{
    public int id;
    public string type;
    public string date;
    public string edited;
    public string from;
    public int from_id;
    public string photo;
    public int width;
    public int height;

    [JsonConverter(typeof(TextPropertyConverter))]
    public List<TextProperty> text;
}

And then test it :

static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        string json = @"
        [
            {
              ""id"": 397910,
              ""type"": ""message"",
              ""date"": ""2018-02-21T10:27:59"",
              ""edited"": ""1970-01-01T01:00:00"",
              ""from"": ""Username"",
              ""from_id"": 39033284,
              ""text"": ""Some Text""
            },

            {
               ""id"": 397911,
               ""type"": ""message"",
               ""date"": ""2018-02-21T10:31:47"",
               ""edited"": ""1970-01-01T01:00:00"",
               ""from"": ""Username"",
               ""from_id"": 272964614,
               ""text"": [
                  ""Some Text "",
                  {
                     ""type"": ""mention"",
                     ""text"": ""@school""
                  },
                  "" Some Text""
               ]
            }
        ]";

        List<JSONObject> jsonObjects = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<JSONObject>>(json);

        Console.Read();
    }

Here's the results :

This is a great answer, and is exactly the kind of detailed, educational answer we like to see here. Thanks! — halfer, May 19 '19 at 21:29
Yes thanks a lot - it did the trick and not only could I use your solution, I also understood it and can apply it on future problems :D — Applesouce, May 20 '19 at 10:26

Deserialize JSON-File with multiple datatypes for a key

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