Yes, you can include C++ code in a WatchOS app, having personally done it with an Objective C app that has a phone and watch component.
To start, you'll probably have to manually add the header search path and/or source files to your project settings (Build Phases -> Compile Sources). Likewise, you'll probably need to manually add the library to your linker settings (Build Phases -> Link Binary With Libraries).
The slightly more annoying problem is dealing with C++ name mangling issues. The way I worked around this was to create a an abstraction layer in C. In other words, my Objective C code calls functions I wrote in C, which, in turn, call the C++ library. If you take this approach, be sure not to include any of the C++ headers from your C language header file or you'll be dealing with name mangling issues again.