Switching off extended protection is not the answer. You add chrome as so adfs can recognize it and then add the site to the trusted list.
Make sure chrome is supported by adfs.
So, if you run the following commands:
$a=Get-Adfsproperties
$a.WIASupportedUserAgents
Then you add chrome to the list.
Set-ADFSProperties -WIASupportedUserAgents @("MSIE 6.0", "MSIE 7.0", "MSIE 8.0", "MSIE 9.0", "MSIE 10.0", "Trident/7.0", "MSIPC", "Windows Rights Management Client", "Mozilla/5.0")
Now, we will need to tell the Chrome that it should allow Windows Integrated Auth for the site.
To do this, you will need to go to the settings:
Click on Advanced
Click on Proxy settings
It should open your IE Properties. Click on Security & Select "Local Intranet" and add the Federation service name of your ADFS here.
Click close and Apply under IE Properties.
Restart Chrome and next time when you try to access the site, it won't ask you for credentials.
This was a solution presented at work to allow SSO with Chrome WITHOUT disabling Extended Protection. Cheers for MS support.