Cannot load driver class: org.h2.Driver in spring boot application

Question

I am trying to learn microservices by creating a dummy project. I have a config repository in git and a config server running at port 8888.It's working properly as I can see my settings as below:

Now I have two microservice projects 1) customer service and 2) customer-account-service. customer microservice is running properly while customer-account-microservice is unable to start and throwing below exception:

*Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot load driver class: org.h2.Driver
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) ~[spring-beans-5.0.11.RELEASE.jar:5.0.11.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:583) ~[spring-beans-5.0.11.RELEASE.jar:5.0.11.RELEASE]
    ... 66 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot load driver class: org.h2.Driver
    at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:94) ~[spring-core-5.0.11.RELEASE.jar:5.0.11.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.determineDriverClassName(DataSourceProperties.java:224) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.7.RELEASE.jar:2.0.7.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.initializeDataSourceBuilder(DataSourceProperties.java:176) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.7.RELEASE.jar:2.0.7.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration.createDataSource(DataSourceConfiguration.java:43) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.7.RELEASE.jar:2.0.7.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.dataSource(DataSourceConfiguration.java:83) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.7.RELEASE.jar:2.0.7.RELEASE]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_144]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_144]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_144]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_144]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.0.11.RELEASE.jar:5.0.11.RELEASE]
    ... 67 common frames omitted*

bootstrap.properties configuration for customer-account-microservice is as below:

pom.xml configuration for customer-account-microservice is as below:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.microservice</groupId>
    <artifactId>customer-account-microservice</artifactId>
    <version>1</version>
    <name>customer-account-microservice</name>
    <description>Spring starter project for demonstrating spring feign client and circuit breaker</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud-services.version>2.0.3.RELEASE</spring-cloud-services.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.0</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.0</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.pivotal.spring.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-services-starter-circuit-breaker</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
                <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.pivotal.spring.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-services-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-services.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

Please help me in fixing the above exception.

May I ask why the h2 dependency is part the the `dependencyManagement` block instead the dependencies block? — sn42, Jan 17 '19 at 07:05
@sn42 copy paste error and after moving h2 dependency under dependencies block, code worked. Thanks alot for pointing this error. — user2800089, Jan 17 '19 at 07:14

score 49 · Accepted Answer · edited Apr 15 '21 at 04:32

49

It seems that your dependency

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

has to be in dependencies element, not in dependencyManagement. Just look at this. Or maybe you have a child artifact, in that case you must share another pom xml.

edited Apr 15 '21 at 04:32

Tim Biegeleisen

502,043
27
286
360

answered Jan 17 '19 at 07:14

Artur Vakhrameev

794
7
11

score 15 · Answer 2 · answered Dec 01 '21 at 21:01

15

in my case, I had a space after the "driver"

spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver...

I deleted it and it works just fine

answered Dec 01 '21 at 21:01

Anass

151
1
2

It really helped. – Prabhakar Jul 22 '22 at 05:27
This was in my case too – Rahul Nov 07 '22 at 00:25

score 14 · Answer 3 · answered Oct 23 '20 at 12:25

I change it to 'compile' and it solved my problem.

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.200</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

score 9 · Answer 4 · answered May 15 '21 at 03:06

9

I was facing the same issue in IDEA IntellJ even after using the correct dependency in pom.xml. It boils down to IDE specific issue where it was not able to download h2 dependency. It worked after restarting the IDE.

answered May 15 '21 at 03:06

Ashish Lahoti

648
6
8

Thank you Ashish, restart resolved the issue – Mrk Oct 01 '21 at 05:05
1

Sad, but true, ItelliJ is becoming more and more an Eclipse-next-gen. Right mouse on the project->maven->reload project also seems to help – gratinierer Feb 16 '22 at 14:34
I was using gradle and had the same issue with Intellij. Restart solved the problem. Thank you Ashish! – BigRedBettaFish Mar 21 '22 at 17:31
Thanks, reloading the project really helped! – Stella Mar 09 '23 at 10:20

score 7 · Answer 5 · answered Nov 13 '21 at 12:54

In my case the problem was caused by some trailing blank characters behind the driver classname in application.properties

This fails (dots in the code snippet below should be read as whitespace chars):

spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver...

This succeeds:

spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver

score 3 · Answer 6 · answered Sep 03 '21 at 14:22

3

I commented spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver, that worked like a charm for me

answered Sep 03 '21 at 14:22

HBD31

31
2

score 2 · Answer 7 · answered May 15 '22 at 07:02

In my case I gave the gradle dependency wrong.

I should give it in dependencies {implementation}, but I gave it in dependencies {testImplementation} in build.gradle file

The below mentioned is right

dependencies {
  implementation 'com.h2database:h2:2.1.212' 
}

score 1 · Answer 8 · answered Oct 02 '22 at 13:19

I had this problem because I was using an outdated version of the h2 dependency :

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.193</version>
    </dependency>

I fixed it by removing the version tag so that the latest version is downloaded :

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>

score 1 · Answer 9 · answered Nov 11 '22 at 04:04

1

In my case, In application.properties file, there are white spaces after adding configurations You can see IDEA IntellJ like this

Should remove all the white spaces in application.properties file. Then the test cases failed issue will be solved

answered Nov 11 '22 at 04:04

Samanthika Rajapaksa

950
1
9
24

score 0 · Answer 10 · answered Mar 26 '21 at 10:00

0

I hope you have added dependencies now add spring.datasource.platform=h2 in your application.properties

it worked for me

answered Mar 26 '21 at 10:00

Narendra Pachipala

35
1

score 0 · Answer 11 · answered Mar 01 '23 at 06:47

These are the changes I made:

application-test.properties

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=
spring.datasource.username=
spring.datasource.password=

unsetting those datasource properties was only needed because I set them in the base application.properties. It'd be simpler just to not define them there and instead have them in the profile-specific properties, but leaving this here in case anyone else wants a quick/lazy fix

build.gradle.kts

testImplementation("com.h2database:h2")

score -1 · Answer 12 · answered May 13 '23 at 06:15

-1

<dependency>
 <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
 <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
 <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

Repleace scope test to runtime .it worked for me!.

answered May 13 '23 at 06:15

Ashok Janagam

1

1

if you do this and leave the dependencyManagement section of the pom.xml as is the case w/ the pom.xml that is submitted w/ the question, it won't work. – Mag Musik May 13 '23 at 07:07

Cannot load driver class: org.h2.Driver in spring boot application

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