This is question number 1-17 in the "Algorithm Design Manual 2nd Ed." by Steven S. Skiena.
I found a solution to this question here, http://compalg.inf.elte.hu/~tony/Oktatas/TDK/FINAL/Chap%204.PDF.
However, I wanted to know if this constitutes an acceptable proof by induction?
Base case: when n = 1, there is a single node with no edges. It is self-evident that there are n - 1 = 1 - 1 = 0 edges.
Inductive step:
Suppose every tree with n vertices has n - 1 edges.
Given a tree T with n + 1 vertices, this tree must be equivalent to a tree of n vertices, T', plus 1 leaf node.
By the hypothesis, edges(T') = n - 1.
Since a leaf node is connected to one, and only one other node, then adding it to T' will add only one edge.
Therefore, edges(T) = edges(T') + 1 = n - 1 + 1 = n. QED.