Indeed, 'und' is not within the code for languages in the documentation. And since the image didn't contain but numbers then it wouldn't detect a language.
But, the documentation also states that Vision API uses BCP-47 identifiers, and 'und' is listed as a Non-specific Language Tag. You can also find the clarification that "The special value 'und' (Undetermined) has a 'Scope' of 'special'". Being special defined as:
'special' - Indicates a special language code. These are subtags used
for identifying linguistic attributes not particularly associated with
a concrete language. These include codes for when the language is
undetermined or for non-linguistic content.
Therefore, "the 'und' (Undetermined) primary language subtag identifies linguistic content whose language is not determined".