That approach you appear to be trying to take is to use JavaScript. This absolutely will not work. Email clients do not allow JavaScript to execute in HTML formatted email.
You could place a regular form inside the email:
<form action="http://example.com" method="POST">
<button>Submit</button>
</form>
… however, form support in email clients is not perfect.
The safe approach is to ask the user to do a two-step process: use a regular link to a webpage containing the form which the user can load in their web browser and then click the submit button for.
If you don't care about the usual protections, then you could have JavaScript submit the form on that page automatically, or change the endpoint that expects a POST request to expect a GET request and use a regular link in the original email.