I think you will have to use two CustomLabels.
Note the they all must have the same angle.
Use a suitable delta, i.e. a small number that determines the range of the label, and a suitable format..
ChartArea ca = chart1.ChartAreas[0];
Series series = chart1.Series[0];
double delta = 0.1;
double yMin = series.Points.Min(x => x.YValues[0]);
double yMax = series.Points.Max(x => x.YValues[0]);
CustomLabel clyMax = new CustomLabel();
CustomLabel clyMin = new CustomLabel();
clyMax.FromPosition = yMax - delta;
clyMax.ToPosition = yMax + delta;
clyMin.FromPosition = yMin - delta;
clyMin.ToPosition = yMin + delta;
clyMax.Text = yMax.ToString("0.0");
clyMin.Text = yMin.ToString("0.0");
ca.AxisY.LabelStyle.Angle = 45;
ca.AxisY.CustomLabels.Add(clyMax);
ca.AxisY.CustomLabels.Add(clyMin);