I am writing a program in C for NXP freescale kinetis microcontroller KEA128. I modified the linker description file and proceeded to write a simple C program in C. But when I build the project, it gives the following error message
build\src\flash.o:(.rodata.flashLocat+0x0): multiple definition of `flashLocat'
build\src\main.o:(.rodata.flashLocat+0x0): first defined here
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Here I am attaching my C program file and main file that calls the functions for erasing and writing into the flash and my linker description file. Following is my flash.c and flash.h files
#include "flash.h"
int flashEraseSector(long int locat)
{
int temp1,temp2,temp3;
temp1 = (locat << 8);
temp1 = temp1 >> 24;
temp2 = (locat << 16);
temp2 = temp2 >> 24;
temp3 = (locat << 24);
temp3 = temp3 >> 24;
while(((FTMRE_FSTAT)&(1UL << 7))==0x00);
if(!((FTMRE_FSTAT)==0x80))
{FTMRE_FSTAT = 0x30;}
int IX = 0;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp1;
IX = 1;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp2;
IX = 2;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp3;
IX = 3;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = 0x0A; //erase a sector
FTMRE_FSTAT = 0x80;
while(((FTMRE_FSTAT)&(1UL << 7))==0x00);
return 1;
}
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write a long word to an erased flash block
*------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int flashWriteLongWord(long int locat,long int value)
{
int temp1,temp2,temp3,temp4,temp5,temp6,temp7;
temp1 = (locat << 8);
temp1 = temp1 >> 24;
temp2 = (locat << 16);
temp2 = temp2 >> 24;
temp3 = (locat << 24);
temp3 = temp3 >> 24;
temp4 = value >> 24;
temp5 = (value << 8);
temp5 = temp5 >> 24;
temp6 = (value << 16);
temp6 = temp6 >> 24;
temp7 = (value << 24);
temp7 = temp7 >> 24;
while(((FTMRE_FSTAT)&(1UL << 7))==0x00);
if(!((FTMRE_FSTAT)==0x80))
{FTMRE_FSTAT = 0x30;}
int IX = 0;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = 0x06; //0x06 is instruction code for write long word.
IX = 1;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp1;
IX = 2;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp2;
IX = 3;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp3;
IX = 4;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp4;
IX = 5;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp5;
IX = 6;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp6;
IX = 7;
FTMRE_FCCOBIX = temp7;
FTMRE_FSTAT = 0x80;
while(((FTMRE_FSTAT)&(1UL << 7))==0x00);
return 1;
}
Here is my flash.h file
#ifndef SRC_FLASH_H_
#define SRC_FLASH_H_
#include "derivative.h" /* include peripheral declarations */
const long int flashLocat = 0x00000800;
int flashEraseSector(long int locat);
int flashWriteLongWord(long int locat,long int value);
#endif /* SRC_FLASH_H_ */
Here is my main file int main(void) { long int value; uint8_t flashStatus; value = 2147483648;
NVIC_ISER |= ((unsigned int)0x1<<22); // Interrupt Set-Enable Register, IRQ22 (PIT_CH0)
PIT_TFLG0 = 0x1; // clear TIF
PIT_TCTRL0 = 0x03; // CHN = 0 -> not chained, TIE = 1 -> interrupt enabled, TEN = 1 -> timer enabled
CpuComm_Init();
flashStatus = flashEraseSector(flashLocat);
flashWriteLongWord(flashLocat,value);
for(;;)
{
}
return 0;
}
Here is my linker description file:
/*
**
** File : KEAZ128M4_flash.ld
**
** Default linker command file for Flash targets
**
*****************************************************************************
*/
/* Entry Point */
/*ENTRY(__init_hardware)*/
ENTRY(RESET_handler)
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20003000; /* end of SRAM */
__SP_INIT = _estack;
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
/*__heap_size = 0x100; */ /* required amount of heap is 256 Bytes */
/*__stack_size = 0x100; */ /* required amount of stack is 256 Bytes*/
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
m_interrupts (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 0xC0 /*192 Bytes*/
m_cfmprotrom (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x00000400, LENGTH = 0x10 /*16 Bytes*/
m_text (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x00000800, LENGTH = 128K - 0x800
/*reserving the last 2KB of flash by subtracting those bytes (0x800) from m_text segment*/
m_data (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFFF000, LENGTH = 16K /* SRAM */
}
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into Flash */
/*'.' means the location coounter, at the start of SECTIONS
* command the location counter is set to the value '0'
*/
.interrupts :
{
__vector_table = .;
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.vectortable)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_interrupts
/* Above lines of code mean an output section '.interrupts'
* has input sections called vector_table and *(.vectortable)
* means all '.vectortable' input sections in all input files.
*/
.cfmprotect :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.cfmconfig)) /* Flash Configuration Field (FCF) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_cfmprotrom
/* The program code and other data goes into Flash */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} > m_text
.ARM.extab : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } > m_text
.ARM : {
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} > m_text
.ctors :
{
__CTOR_LIST__ = .;
/* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of
the constructors, so we make sure it is
first. Because this is a wildcard, it
doesn't matter if the user does not
actually link against crtbegin.o; the
linker won't look for a file to match a
wildcard. The wildcard also means that it
doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o
is in. */
KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors))
/* We don't want to include the .ctor section from
from the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors.
The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the
end of ctors marker and it must be last */
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o ) .ctors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
KEEP (*(.ctors))
__CTOR_END__ = .;
} > m_text
.dtors :
{
__DTOR_LIST__ = .;
KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors))
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o ) .dtors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
KEEP (*(.dtors))
__DTOR_END__ = .;
} > m_text
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} > m_text
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} > m_text
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
___ROM_AT = .;
} > m_text
/* reserve MTB memory at the beginning of m_data */
.mtb : /* MTB buffer address as defined by the hardware */
{
. = ALIGN(8);
_mtb_start = .;
KEEP(*(.mtb_buf)) /* need to KEEP Micro Trace Buffer as not referenced by application */
. = ALIGN(8);
_mtb_end = .;
} > m_data
/* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
__stacktop = ORIGIN(m_data) + LENGTH(m_data);
__data_load = LOADADDR(.data);
. = ORIGIN(m_data);
.data : AT(___ROM_AT)
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} > m_data
___data_size = _edata - _sdata;
/* Uninitialized data section */
. = ALIGN(4);
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
__START_BSS = .;
PROVIDE ( __bss_start__ = __START_BSS );
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
__END_BSS = .;
PROVIDE ( __bss_end__ = __END_BSS );
} > m_data
_romp_at = ___ROM_AT + SIZEOF(.data);
.romp : AT(_romp_at)
{
__S_romp = _romp_at;
LONG(___ROM_AT);
LONG(_sdata);
LONG(___data_size);
LONG(0);
LONG(0);
LONG(0);
} > m_data
/* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
/* ._user_heap_stack :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
PROVIDE ( end = . );
PROVIDE ( _end = . );
__heap_addr = .;
. = . + __heap_size;
. = . + __stack_size;
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_data
*/
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}
