Re: model sizes, For Solver Foundation Express (basic 'free' version):
- Linear or quadratic programming 50,000 non-zeros
- Mixed integer programming - 1,000 variables, 1,000 constraints, and 5,000 non-zeros
- Constraint programming - 5,000 total terms
- Non-linear programming - Unlimited
The Standard version has roughly double the capacity, and the Enterprise/Academic versions are 'unlimited' with no real restriction on core/CPU's used.
Re: advantages
A huge (IMHO) advantage of Solver Foundation is the object model approach to defining your models. Makes for easy-to-setup models programmatically in C# or to any language to which you have bindings, or you can use AMPL and MPS inputs if you want. There is a also a custom model definition language (OML) which I haven't used, but looks pretty good.
Re: disadvantage
You're tied into a proprietary setup, if that matters to you. For a GNU LP, check out GLPK. I've thrown some >20K contraint models at it no problems, and it has a pretty active user group.
From: Installing Solver Foundation