The Active Directory module is meant for legacy systems upgrading to Sitecore 9 who have previously connected to an on-premise Active Directory authentication system. This does not use claims.
The new Federated Authentication options, which are disabled by default but can be enabled via configuration, will allow you to consume tokens using standard OWIN middleware.
Instructions for configuring Federated Authentication in Sitecore 9 can be found on the Sitecore documentation site:
https://doc.sitecore.net/sitecore_experience_platform/developing/developing_with_sitecore/federated_authentication/configure_federated_authentication