I'm afraid you can't do it that way, as QDockWidget look and feel is essentially hard coded in the QStyle your application is using, as stated in the documnetation (here in the "Appearance" section). Basically, QDockWidget is a borderless window, and the title bar and its structure(title, buttons, etc) is just painted using the style.
To overcome this, you may use a QProxyStyle to paint the minimize and maximize buttons, but these would not be "real" buttons but just their pixmaps. Hence, you would still need to perform some tinkering to handle the clicks to those virtual buttons (e.g. catching the click event on the title bar and determining if it happened inside one of these buttons).
Another possible solution is to subclass QDockWidget and implement all the painting and click event handling there. Beaware that if you want to support multiple platforms you may need to use QStyle::drawControl() to paint the extra buttons, instead of painting everything by yourself (e.g. drawing a pixmap).
I hope this helps you. Good luck with your project.