The Peering cannot be done at network creation time as per the API reference.
First the network needs to be created and once it has been created successfully, the addPeering method needs to be called.
This explains why your YAML definition created the network but not the peering and it worked after running the gcloud command that it calls the addPeering method.
There is a possibility of creating and doing the peering on one YAML file by using the Deployment manager actions:
resources:
- name: mytest-network1
type: compute.v1.network
properties:
name: mytest1
autoCreateSubnetworks: false
- name: mytest-network2
type: compute.v1.network
properties:
name: mytest2
autoCreateSubnetworks: false
- name: addPeering2-1
action: gcp-types/compute-v1:compute.networks.addPeering
metadata:
runtimePolicy:
- CREATE
properties:
network: mytest-network2
name: vpc-2-1
autoCreateRoutes: true
peerNetwork: $(ref.mytest-network1.selfLink)
metadata:
dependsOn:
- mytest-network1
- mytest-network2
- name: addPeering1-2
action: gcp-types/compute-v1:compute.networks.addPeering
metadata:
runtimePolicy:
- CREATE
properties:
network: mytest-network1
name: vpc-1-2
autoCreateRoutes: true
peerNetwork: $(ref.mytest-network2.selfLink)
metadata:
dependsOn:
- mytest-network1
- mytest-network2
You can copy-paste the YAML above, create the deployment and the peering should be done. The actions use the dependsOn option to make sure the network are created first and when deleting the deployment the peerings would be deleted by calling the removePeering method and then the networks would be deleted.
Note: The Deployment manager actions are undocumented yet but there are several examples in the GoogleCloudPlatform/deploymentmanager-samples repository such as this and this.