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Say you were to create a hash table that maps every possible valid 9x9 sudoku (not yet filled in) to its solution. (as infeasible a task as this would be)

Then you were to create a simple program that takes a valid 9x9 sudoku (again, not yet filled in) as input and returns the solution that is mapped to it in the hashtable described above.

Would this not be considered a sudoku solver that works in polynomial time?

Is there something about this theoretical solution that disqualifies it from being proof that sudoku is a P class problem?

svaerth
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    Congratulations, you've solved a problem to the tune of "retrieving an algorithm-indexed solution". Look up rainbow-tables, which is a fantastic solution to decryption. The fallacy lies in this part -- what is the complexity of your original program that GENERATED all these possible grids and solutions? – user2421873 Apr 03 '18 at 05:10

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I think you're misunderstanding the problem. From Wikipedia:

The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n^2×n^2 grids of n×n blocks is known to be NP-complete.

Although the game may most usually come in a 9x9 variant, the generally-stated problem characterizes the relationship between the size of the grid and the complexity of finding a solution - not any individual grid. If your hypothetical is true, it would not fundamentally change the classification of the problem.

Also, consider how you would retrieve a candidate solution from such a hash table. If you use as the keys the sequence of all initial values and their locations, then you would need to keep all possible sets of initial values (81 choose 30, 1.4e22) - for each unique solution (6.7e21). (And that's only for solutions that start with thirty values showing...)

Max Vu
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