I'm using Apache PDFBox to write Arabic text on a page without embedding the font. It would appear that ArialMT is generally available so that both PDFBox will work and a PDF viewer will not have trouble with the final document; however, I have not managed to uncover a code strategy by which the font can be used but will not be embedded.
Note: This is perfectly possible by the PDF standard and I've seen such generated documents.
ADDENDUM (further explaining the case)
The specific case for non-embedded font is the case where I'm generating a document with images and placing invisible text (e.g. produced via OCR) on top of the images. When conforming to the PDF/A standard, embedding of the font in such cases is not necessary, as the image is the only source for rasterization of the document. The "standard 14" fonts do not include Arabic codepoints, so that another font would need to be referenced for PDFBox to work, but loading a font makes it embedded.