How Do I Write Google Sheets Data to Microsoft Excel?

Question

Primer: I'm extremely new to Python.

I am working on taking some Google Sheets data, and creating .xlsx sheets with it. With the code below, I am able to get Python to read the data and put it into arrays. However, I can't seem to figure out how to get openpyxl to write it to a document successfully. I'm assuming it has something to do with trying to write an array rather than iterating over rows that appear.

Any help/advice you all could provide would be greatly appreciated.

I get the following error when trying to run it:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "quickstart.py", line 94, in <module>
    main()
  File "quickstart.py", line 90, in main
    ws.append([values])
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\worksheet\worksheet.py", line 763, in append
    cell = Cell(self, row=row_idx, col_idx=col_idx, value=content)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 115, in __init__
    self.value = value
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 299, in value
    self._bind_value(value)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 206, in _bind_value
    raise ValueError("Cannot convert {0!r} to Excel".format(value))
ValueError: Cannot convert [['Student Name', 'Gender', 'Class Level', 'Home State', 'Major', 'Extracurricular Activity'], ['Alexandra', 'Female', '4. Senior', 'CA', 'English', 'Drama Club'], ['Andrew', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'SD', 'Math', 'Lacrosse'], ['Anna', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'NC', 'English', 'Basketball'], ['Becky', 'Female', '2. Sophomore', 'SD', 'Art', 'Baseball'], ['Benjamin', 'Male', '4. Senior', 'WI', 'English', 'Basketball'], ['Carl', 'Male', '3. Junior', 'MD', 'Art', 'Debate'], ['Carrie', 'Female', '3. Junior', 'NE', 'English', 'Track & Field'], ['Dorothy', 'Female', '4. Senior', 'MD', 'Math', 'Lacrosse'], ['Dylan', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'MA', 'Math', 'Baseball'], ['Edward', 'Male', '3. Junior', 'FL', 'English', 'Drama Club'], ['Ellen', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'WI', 'Physics', 'Drama Club'], ['Fiona', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'MA', 'Art', 'Debate'], ['John', 'Male', '3. Junior', 'CA', 'Physics', 'Basketball'], ['Jonathan', 'Male', '2. Sophomore', 'SC', 'Math', 'Debate'], ['Joseph', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'AK', 'English', 'Drama Club'], ['Josephine', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'NY', 'Math', 'Debate'], ['Karen', 'Female', '2. Sophomore', 'NH', 'English', 'Basketball'], ['Kevin', 'Male', '2. Sophomore', 'NE', 'Physics', 'Drama Club'], ['Lisa', 'Female', '3. Junior', 'SC', 'Art', 'Lacrosse'], ['Mary', 'Female', '2. Sophomore', 'AK',
'Physics', 'Track & Field'], ['Maureen', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'CA', 'Physics', 'Basketball'], ['Nick', 'Male', '4. Senior', 'NY', 'Art', 'Baseball'], ['Olivia', 'Female', '4. Senior', 'NC', 'Physics', 'Track & Field'], ['Pamela', 'Female', '3. Junior', 'RI', 'Math', 'Baseball'], ['Patrick', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'NY', 'Art', 'Lacrosse'], ['Robert', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'CA', 'English', 'Track & Field'], ['Sean', 'Male', '1. Freshman', 'NH', 'Physics', 'Track & Field'], ['Stacy', 'Female', '1. Freshman', 'NY', 'Math', 'Baseball'], ['Thomas', 'Male', '2. Sophomore', 'RI', 'Art', 'Lacrosse'], ['Will', 'Male', '4. Senior', 'FL', 'Math', 'Debate']] to Excel

Here's the code I have do far:

from __future__ import print_function
import httplib2
import oauth2client
import os
import googleapiclient
import openpyxl

from apiclient import discovery
from oauth2client import client
from oauth2client import tools
from oauth2client.file import Storage
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from openpyxl import Workbook


""" This is the code to get raw data from a specific Google Sheet"""
try:
    import argparse
    flags = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=[tools.argparser]).parse_args()
except ImportError:
    flags = None

# If modifying these scopes, delete your previously saved credentials
# at ~/.credentials/sheets.googleapis.com-python-quickstart.json
SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets'
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_secret_noemail.json'
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Google Sheets API Python'


def get_credentials():
    """Gets valid user credentials from storage.

    If nothing has been stored, or if the stored credentials are invalid,
    the OAuth2 flow is completed to obtain the new credentials.

    Returns:
        Credentials, the obtained credential.
    """
    home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~')
    credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials')
    if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
        os.makedirs(credential_dir)
    credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir,
                                   'sheets.googleapis.com-python-quickstart.json')

    store = Storage(credential_path)
    credentials = store.get()
    if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
        flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
        flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
        if flags:
            credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store, flags)
        else:  # Needed only for compatibility with Python 2.6
            credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store)
        print('Storing credentials to ' + credential_path)
    return credentials


def main():
    """Shows basic usage of the Sheets API.

    Creates a Sheets API service object and prints the names and majors of
    students in a sample spreadsheet:
    https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BxiMVs0XRA5nFMdKvBdBZjgmUUqptlbs74OgvE2upms/edit
    """
    credentials = get_credentials()
    http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())
    discoveryUrl = ('https://sheets.googleapis.com/$discovery/rest?'
                    'version=v4')
    service = build('sheets', 'v4', http=http,
                              discoveryServiceUrl=discoveryUrl)

    spreadsheetId = '1BxiMVs0XRA5nFMdKvBdBZjgmUUqptlbs74OgvE2upms'
    rangeName = 'Class Data!A:F'
    result = service.spreadsheets().values().get(
        spreadsheetId=spreadsheetId, range=rangeName).execute()
    values = result.get('values', [])

    if not values:
        print('No data found.')
    else:
        wb = Workbook()
        ws = wb.active  
        # Add new row at bottom
        ws.append([values])
        wb.save("users.xlsx")  # Write to disk

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Update: when trying to do ws.append(values), I get the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "quickstart.py", line 94, in <module>
    main()
  File "quickstart.py", line 90, in main
    ws.append(values)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\worksheet\worksheet.py", line 763, in append
    cell = Cell(self, row=row_idx, col_idx=col_idx, value=content)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 115, in __init__
    self.value = value
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 299, in value
    self._bind_value(value)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\cell\cell.py", line 206, in _bind_value
    raise ValueError("Cannot convert {0!r} to Excel".format(value))
ValueError: Cannot convert ['Student Name', 'Gender', 'Class Level', 'Home State', 'Major', 'Extracurricular Activity'] to Excel

Update with Pandas Code:

When leaving the index flag as true (unedited), this is the layout the data has:

"""
Using pandas and dataframes. For writing large amounts of data, this is probably the best way. 
"""
df=DataFrame(data=values)
df.to_excel('Pandas.xlsx')

When marking the index flag as false, this is how the data looks:

"""
Using pandas and dataframes. For writing large amounts of data, this is probably the best way. 
"""
df=DataFrame(data=values)
df.to_excel('Pandas.xlsx', index=False)

Update 2: Solved solution! The code below from Zyd and Ben.T completely solved my issues.

"""
Using pandas and dataframes. For writing large amounts of data, this is probably the best way. 
"""
df=DataFrame(data=values)
df.to_excel('Pandas.xlsx', header=False, index=False)

Thank you all for the help!

Answer 1

This may not be correct but my answer is a bit too much to put in a comment.

Where you're doing:

if not values:
    print('No data found.')
else:
    wb = Workbook()
    ws = wb.active  
    # Add new row at bottom
    ws.append([values])
    wb.save("users.xlsx")  # Write to disk

I would try

import pandas
if not values:
    print('No data found.')
else:
    dataframe = pandas.DataFrame([values])
    dataframe.to_excel('excel_out.xlsx')

Answer 2

It seems that the variable called values is a list containing a list for each row of your google spreadsheet. I tried:

import openpyxl
# to recreate a list of list
list_input = [['one','two'],['second row','with',14]]

wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.append(list_input)
wb.save("test.xlsx")

and I got the same error than your update.

By replacing the line ws.append(list_input) by

for row in list_input:
    ws.append(row)

My code worked, so I would replace your line ws.append([values]) by

for row in values:
    ws.append(row)

Hope it is some help for you.

Answer 3

There's a simpler way to use the googlesheet API to convert the gsheet to excel. You can make use of the service field to call the function as below.

def convert_to_excel(file_id: str, excel_file_path: str):
   byteData = service.files().export_media(fileId=file_id, mimeType='application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet').execute()
   with open(excel_file_path,'wb') as f:
      f.write(byteData)
      f.close()

This method makes use of vendor specific mime types - (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type), (What is the meaning of "vnd" in MIME types?). Parameters are : file ID(google sheet id), excel file path.