I've found a solution to this problem, and other Styles problems. Implementing style in the way demonstrated in telerik documentation (f.e. https://docs.telerik.com/devtools/wpf/controls/radgridview/styles-and-templates/styling-a-row) has some issues not mentioned in documentation.
<Style TargetType="telerik:GridViewRow">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"/>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/>
</Style>
This is one of the simpliest examples of implementing style. In my case it was:
<Style TargetType="telerik:GridViewCell"
x:Key="IloscNormalStyle"
BasedOn="{StaticResource GridViewCellStyle}">
<Setter Property="Background"
Value="#c3d8c7" />
<Setter Property="Foreground"
Value="Black" />
</Style>
And it works just fine. The biggest issue is that it completly ignores implemented Theme for project and all it's behaviours, which are, for example, selection behavior, enter key press, borders, etc. In order to tell style to not ignore implemented theme, I needed to insert this code to my styles:
<Style.Triggers>
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsSelected, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=telerik:GridViewRow}}"
Value="True">
<Setter Property="Background"
Value="{Binding Background}" />
</DataTrigger>
</Style.Triggers>
Which finally made my style works with desired behavior. Full style code:
<Style TargetType="telerik:GridViewCell"
x:Key="IloscNormalStyle"
BasedOn="{StaticResource GridViewCellStyle}">
<Setter Property="Background"
Value="#c3d8c7" />
<Setter Property="Foreground"
Value="Black" />
<Style.Triggers>
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsSelected, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=telerik:GridViewRow}}"
Value="True">
<Setter Property="Background"
Value="{Binding Background}" />
</DataTrigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
I think it is a major issue for telerik (or maybe even WPF), but this couple lines of code resolves most of problems with custom cell/row styling.