Will the server creates a the full hardcopy of the row/tuple that was
modified? Or will the server use a reference/links to the original
values of the master table that are not modified?
Here is the cite of the book Pro SQL Server Internals
by Dmitri Korotkevitch that ansers your question:
In a nutshell, each temporal table consists of two tables — the
current table with the current data, and a history table that stores
old versions of the rows. Every time you modify or delete data in
the current table, SQL Server adds an original version of those rows
to the history table.
A current table should always have a primary key
defined. Moreover,
both current and history tables should have two datetime2
columns,
called period columns, that indicate the lifetime of the row. SQL
Server populates these columns automatically based on transaction
start time when the new versions of the rows were created. When a row
has been modified several times in one transaction, SQL Server does
not preserve uncommitted intermediary row versions in the history
table.
SQL Server places the history tables in a default filegroup, creating
non-unique clustered indexes on the two datetime2 columns that
control row lifetime. It does not create any other indexes on the
table.
In both the Enterprise and Developer Editions, history tables use
page compression
by default.
So it's not
reference/links to the original values of the master table
Previous row version is just copied as it is into historical table on every mofification.