Are you are working with the "Play" button on Visual Studio? Is this using a IIS Express or are you really "deploying" that to an IIS WebAPP on your local machine?
I usually do not use the "Play" button when I am developing for IIS, specially when I am developing for a specif IIS Server. When that happens, I try to have the same IIS Server configuration on my machine and create a WebApp pointing to my Dev folder to test it.
If you are having trouble to config your web.config, I would use the IIS visual tools, check the modifications made on the web.config and commit that.
Please note that there are some differences in the configuration in the ASP.NET side and on the IIS side:
Please check this website:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/manage/configuring-security/understanding-iis-url-authorization
And refer to these notes:
Differences Between ASP.NET URL Authorization and IIS URL Authorization
There are small but important differences between ASP.NET UrlAuthorization and IIS URL Authorization.
ASP.NET Url Authorization is installed when you install ASP.NET on top of IIS.
This refers to IIS 7.0
Even though several configurations are compatible between one IIS to another, some specific changes might apply.