As per my knowledge,you are missing the mount-point directory in the Linux VM to mount the SMB share to.
In Linux VM: You need to create a local directory at /mnt/mymountdirectory, use the following example to create a local directory:
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/mymountdirectory
Then Mount the SMB share to the local directory by providing your own storage account username and storage account key for the mount credentials as follows:
sudo mount -t cifs //myStorageAccount.file.core.windows.net/mystorageshare /mnt/mymountdirectory -o vers=3.0,username=mystorageaccount,password=mystorageaccountkey,dir_mode=0777,file_mode=0777
For more details, refer “Use Azure Files with Linux”.
And also, you may refer MSDN thread, which addressing your query.