This seems to be the same question as this question.
I posted a hacky workaround there as an answer.
Posting it here too for completeness sake:
Here's the biggest hacky workaround there is. Using Qt Mouse press, move and release events to mimic the mouse behavior on the time slider widget to have it select.
In code I'm temporarily changing the time slider range to maximize the screen space for the frames I want to click on.
from maya import mel
from maya import OpenMayaUI as omui
from shiboken2 import wrapInstance
from PySide2 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
def select_time_slider_range(start, end):
app = QtWidgets.QApplication.instance()
widgetStr = mel.eval('$gPlayBackSlider=$gPlayBackSlider')
ptr = omui.MQtUtil.findControl(widgetStr)
slider = wrapInstance(long(ptr), QtWidgets.QWidget)
slider_width = slider.size().width()
slider_height = slider.size().height()
# Store time slider settings
min_time = cmds.playbackOptions(query=True, minTime=True)
max_time = cmds.playbackOptions(query=True, maxTime=True)
animation_start_time = cmds.playbackOptions(query=True, animationStartTime=True)
animation_end_time = cmds.playbackOptions(query=True, animationEndTime=True)
t = cmds.currentTime(query=True)
# Set the time slider to the range we want so we have
# perfect precision to click at the start and end of the
# time slider.
cmds.playbackOptions(minTime=start)
cmds.playbackOptions(maxTime=end)
a_pos = QtCore.QPoint(0, slider_height / 2.0)
b_pos = QtCore.QPoint(slider_width, slider_height / 2.0)
# Trigger some mouse events on the Time Control
# Somehow we need to have some move events around
# it so the UI correctly understands it stopped
# clicking, etc.
event = QtGui.QMouseEvent(QtCore.QEvent.MouseMove,
a_pos,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.NoModifier)
app.sendEvent(slider, event)
event = QtGui.QMouseEvent(QtCore.QEvent.MouseButtonPress,
a_pos,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.ShiftModifier)
app.sendEvent(slider, event)
event = QtGui.QMouseEvent(QtCore.QEvent.MouseMove,
b_pos,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.ShiftModifier)
app.sendEvent(slider, event)
event = QtGui.QMouseEvent(QtCore.QEvent.MouseButtonRelease,
b_pos,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.ShiftModifier)
app.sendEvent(slider, event)
event = QtGui.QMouseEvent(QtCore.QEvent.MouseMove,
b_pos,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton,
QtCore.Qt.NoModifier)
app.sendEvent(slider, event)
app.processEvents()
# Reset time slider settings
cmds.playbackOptions(minTime=min_time)
cmds.playbackOptions(maxTime=max_time)
cmds.playbackOptions(animationStartTime=animation_start_time)
cmds.playbackOptions(animationEndTime=animation_end_time)
cmds.currentTime(t)
select_time_slider_range(-200, 500000)