If you want changes to any design elements to be automatically picked up from templates overnight - regardless of whether they inherit individually as in your screenshot, or inherit from the template named in the database properties - then one of the following must be true:
- If the database is replicated to multiple servers, then the templates must be on at least one of those servers; or
- If the database is only on one server, then the templates must be on that server.
So, if you have a few databases that are on one server each and not replicated, and they inherit from the same templates, then you'd need those templates on every server to get automatic overnight inheritance in every database.
However, there's no need to rely on automatic inheritance, as users with Designer access to affected databases can manually refresh designs from templates using the Notes or Designer client. If you do this, you can keep the templates on just one server regardless of how many servers have databases using those templates.
Note regarding template designs in any case, whether databases are automatically or manually refreshed: Best practice (as I understand it) is to have production template designs signed by a single user id created for the express purpose of signing designs, with a Domino policy in place to ensure that all users Execution Control Lists (ECLs) trust that signer, to prevent users from getting ECL alerts when using production applications.
My experience with Teamstudio CIAO isn't extensive, but I don't think it changes any of the above.