The best option (and probably the only one unless you are using CMake or similar) is to use the official Visual Studio Qt add-in (download from here): it will handle all the pre-processing steps required by some of Qt functionalities (C++ classes moc'ing, UI compilation...). It will also associate Qt files (.ui, .qrc, .ts) to respective editors.
Basically, you create a new Qt project, then create the .ui (you can use the one that comes with the template), create a class that inherits from the respective widget (QWidget
, QDialog
, QMainWindow
) (again, there is one with the default project). From that class you setup the UI (you link the .ui and the C++ class, let's say), create slots and connect them with the UI elements, etc.
For a step-by-step tutorial please take a look at the official manual, specially the getting started section.