I had no issues with debugging some add-ins that I wrote with Kodi on Linux.
Debugging on an Android device without root is another story. I have no way of looking at the logs on the device, as the different apps are using different UIDs - Kodi is using one and the terminal emulator that I used is using another and it is not able to read the debug log produced by Kodi.
I would like to know if you have some best practices.
The best method so far was to use the "Kodi Logfile Uploader" add-on. It allows you to upload the Kodi debug log to a server and look at it using your browser.