Same problem here.
AFAIK the Storage Emulator is not yet able to really handle Data Lake (ADSL Gen2) Requests.
This Uri works (but looks for a file, not a dir):
http://127.0.0.1:10000/devstoreaccount1/packages-container/Dir/SubDir?sv=2020-04-08&se=2022-10-13T14%3A43%3A39Z&sr=b&sp=rcwl&sig=d2SxwYCkJGyx%2BHac9vntYQZOTt5QVs1bKgKb4%2FgcQ9k%3D
This one doesn't:
Error: Status: 403 (Server failed to authenticate the request. Make sure the value of the Authorization header is formed correctly including the signature.)
ErrorCode: AuthorizationFailure
http://127.0.0.1:10000/devstoreaccount1/packages-container/Dir/SubDir?sv=2020-04-08&se=2022-10-13T14%3A43%3A39Z&sr=d&sp=rcwl&sdd=2&sig=KU%2Fcu6W0Nsv8CucMgusubo8RbXWabFO8nDMkFxU1tTw%3D
The difference is that the second one uses the resource 'sr=d' (directory) while the first uses 'sr=b' (blob).
Both items are working on real Azure Storage (with ADSL Gen2).
The request is already tracked here: https://github.com/Azure/Azurite/issues/553
Tested on VS 2022 17.3.6 using Server: Azurite-Blob/3.18.0