I also ran into this exact same issue for Mac without realizing this thread is already resolved when I open my question. Where the only delta is that I am using Visual Studio 2022 for Mac v17.5.2 (build 14) and Mongo project for Visual Studio for Mac 6.12.0 Stable (6.12.0.182).
It turns out that you don't need to hunt down any additional installer, because the WebApplication runtime hasn't changed over the last few years. Just follow @fwan answer solution. That resolved my issue.
Below you can also see the md5 sum of the file is exactly identical.
$ cd /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/6.12.0/lib/mono/xbuild/Microsoft/VisualStudio
MD5 (./v10.0/WebApplications/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets) = 3c0175c55c0a28ddbfc9cce04971fd8a
MD5 (./v11.0/WebApplications/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets) = 3c0175c55c0a28ddbfc9cce04971fd8a
MD5 (./v12.0/WebApplications/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets) = 3c0175c55c0a28ddbfc9cce04971fd8a
MD5 (./v14.0/WebApplications/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets) = 3c0175c55c0a28ddbfc9cce04971fd8a
MD5 (./v15.0/WebApplications/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets) = 3c0175c55c0a28ddbfc9cce04971fd8a
MD5 (./v16.0/WebApplications/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets) = 3c0175c55c0a28ddbfc9cce04971fd8a
MD5 (./v17.0/WebApplications/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets) = 3c0175c55c0a28ddbfc9cce04971fd8a
MD5 (./v9.0/WebApplications/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets) = 3c0175c55c0a28ddbfc9cce04971fd8a