AppUriHandler cannot deploy on Windows Phone 10 (UWP)

Question

I have a UWP Store App and try to use web-to-app linking using the AppUriHandler in the Package.appxmanifest.
It seems to work well on the desktop but I am getting a deployment error on Windows Phone 10:
DEP0001 : Unexpected Error: -2146958844

The error disappears when I remove the uap3:Extension

<Package  
...  
xmlns:uap3="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/uap/windows10/3"  
IgnorableNamespaces="... uap3">  
...  
<Applications>  
<Application>  
  <Extensions>  
    <uap3:Extension Category="windows.appUriHandler">  
      <uap3:AppUriHandler>  
        <uap3:Host Name="mydomain.comunity.me" />  
      </uap3:AppUriHandler>  
    </uap3:Extension>  
  </Extensions>  

I based my manifest on the following posts:
Support web-to-app linking with app URI handlers
uap3:AppUriHandler

edit (6 Apr 2017)
This is a WinRT App using C++/CX
I got the above error when deploying (x86) to the Mobile Emulator 10.0.14393.0...

Deploying (ARM) to Microsoft Lumia 550, V1607, OS build 10.0.14393.953, I got a different error...

Visual Studio 2015 Output...

2>Checking whether required frameworks are installed...  
2>Framework: Microsoft.VCLibs.140.00.Debug/ARM, app package version  
14.0.25017.0 is not currently installed.  
2>Installing missing frameworks...  
2>Registering the application to run from layout...  
2>DEP0001 : Unexpected Error: -2147009287  
========== Build: 1 succeeded, 0 failed, 1 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========  
========== Deploy: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 skipped ==========  

(Visual Studio 2017 produces exactly the same errors)