You can't call wall.post
(and a lot of other methods) with a non-standalone applications. It seems like your VK application is of type Website or iFrame - they have limited access to the API methods.
However, while you can't call this method from non-standalone applications, can via the Open API (it's a JavaScript SDK for Website applications) or the JavaScript SDK for iFrame applications.
When you call wall.post
via these SDKs, a confirmation window will appear where the user needs to confirm the wall post before sending it:

Standalone applications are designed to be used in apps like mobile or desktop clients or browser extensions (because they don't have CORS limitations and may read any tab). There is absolutely no ways to get a user's standalone access token without limitations if you are trying to authorize them via website.
If you are building website or something and need wall.post
for service purposes (e.g. news cross-posting), then you may get your token and save it anywhere in site configuration. Open this address:
https://oauth.vk.com/authorize?client_id={APP_ID}&scope={PERMISSIONS}&v={ACTUAL_API_VERSION}&response_type=token&redirect_uri=https://oauth.vk.com/blank.html
{APP_ID}
- your standalone application ID (may be found in application Settings).
{PERMISSIONS}
- comma-separated list of permissions. Don't forget the offline
permission to get token that doesn't expire.
{ACTUAL_API_VERSION}
- VK API version.
Example:
https://oauth.vk.com/authorize?client_id=123456&scope=wall,offline&v=5.60&response_type=token&redirect_uri=https://oauth.vk.com/blank.html
Note that redirect_uri=https://oauth.vk.com/blank.html
is required to get token without the above mentioned limitations.
After you grand your application access to your account, access token without limitations will appear in your browser address bar. Just copy it, save in your configs and feel free to call any methods you want.