Since you are doing this for learning purpose you don't have to waste money on that power supply. You can power the probe from arduino if you want so. But you have to take care of these things.
1)Curent consuption
As per this pr12-4dp-autonics-12800368 datasheet which is similar to the device you are using the current requirement of the device is 10mA which an arduino uno can provide (40mA is max for arduino uno) check your device data sheet for its current consumption.
2)voltage level
Arduino uno power out pins support 5 volts and 3.3 volts. so you have to convert the 5 volt to required volts with help of voltage converter ICs (for example LM2577 IC). check whether the IC you chose supports the current required by the sensor.
3)Input signal logic level from the sensor
This you can do with voltage converter ICs or an humble voltage divider circuit.
If you are using the external power supply you have to take care of only 3rd step.