Have you checked to make sure that the properties of the .resx files have "Copy to Output Directory" set to Copy Always?

UPDATE: I apologize for not reading your question closely enough.
According to this link http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd434211.aspx, you should check the Items to Deploy drop down list and make sure you have one of the following two options set:
All files in this project. All files included in the project are deployed to the destination server. Files that are in the project folder but are not included in the project are excluded.
or
All files in this project folder. All files in the project folder are deployed to the destination server, even if they are excluded from the project.
