You can use e.g. gammu to send and receive SMS from a cellphone connected to your computer - essentially creating a SMS gateway. I've succesfully used it in the past in this setup (newer phones have serial port emulation through USB, for older ones you need a model-specific serial-to-phone cable):
my program <-> database/textfiles <-> gammu <-> serial port <-> cellphone
The operation was as follows:
- gammu ran in the command line/daemon mode, with a watchdog script restarting it (and the cellphone) if the cellphone became unresponsive (this was a really old phone; a watchdog is probably not necessary with anything > 2006)
- gammu polled the cellphone for new messages, those were store into a "received" table in the database.
- gammu also polled an "outgoing" table in the database for messages I wanted to send, and sent them through the cellphone.
- my program was a web frontend for reading the incoming messages or inserting the outgoing ones.
(Gammu has an API to interface with the cellphone directly, without the database; I decided to keep the backend and frontend parts separate, and since the frontend was using the database for other things anyway, it was easiest to go that way; also, I was using an old phone for this, and needed the frontend to run even if the cellphone wasn't responding)