I noticed these bits from the MPI 3.1 standard:
Advice to users. Attaching memory to a window may require the use of scarce resources; thus, attaching large regions of memory is not recommended in portable programs.
Advice to implementors. A high-quality implementation will attempt to make as much memory available for attaching as possible.
I've looked at the man pages for MPI_Win_attach from various implementations (namely MPICH, Cray MPICH, OpenMPI, SGI MPT, and Intel MPI), and haven't seen any documented limitations on the amount of memory that those implementations have on how much memory can be attached. Should I not worry too much about the "advice to users" given here?