I am trying to write a kernel module for an external system. To do this, I used the .config file for that kernel and rebuilt the sources on my development computer. Then I wrote a makefile which uses the following lines:
CC=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi-gcc
make -C /home/osboxes/Documents/linux-xcomm_zynq/ M=$(PWD) modules
in order to build the module for the target. My kernel source is nothing except an include to module.h and kernel.h, and an init_module and cleanup_module with a printk in each. I successfully built it for my development computer, so I know there is not an error in that.
When I tried building for my target, I got several errors. Could there be a mistake being made when generating the Linux sources? I have not made any modifications to the Linux source directory after running make.
Here is the output from my attempt at building the kernel:
CC=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi-gcc
make -C /home/osboxes/Documents/linux-xcomm_zynq/ M=/home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/osboxes/Documents/linux-xcomm_zynq'
CC [M] /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.o
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h:16:0,
from include/linux/bitops.h:36,
from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
from include/linux/list.h:8,
from include/linux/module.h:9,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/arch_hweight.h: In function ‘__arch_hweight64’:
./arch/x86/include/asm/arch_hweight.h:56:42: error: expected ‘:’ or ‘)’ before ‘POPCNT64’
asm (ALTERNATIVE("call __sw_hweight64", POPCNT64, X86_FEATURE_POPCNT)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h:131:28: note: in definition of macro ‘ALTINSTR_REPLACEMENT’
b_replacement(num)":\n\t" newinstr "\n" e_replacement(num) ":\n\t"
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/arch_hweight.h:56:7: note: in expansion of macro ‘ALTERNATIVE’
asm (ALTERNATIVE("call __sw_hweight64", POPCNT64, X86_FEATURE_POPCNT)
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h:250:0,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:18,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:52,
from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:6,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
include/asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h: At top level:
include/asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h:15:0: warning: "PUD_SHIFT" redefined
#define PUD_SHIFT PGDIR_SHIFT
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h:205:0,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:18,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:52,
from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:6,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h:33:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
#define PUD_SHIFT 30
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h:250:0,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:18,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:52,
from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:6,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
include/asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h:16:0: warning: "PTRS_PER_PUD" redefined
#define PTRS_PER_PUD 1
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h:205:0,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:18,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:52,
from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:6,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:172:0: warning: "cache_line_size" redefined
#define cache_line_size() (boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_alignment)
^
In file included from include/linux/printk.h:8:0,
from include/linux/kernel.h:13,
from include/linux/list.h:8,
from include/linux/module.h:9,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
include/linux/cache.h:64:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
#define cache_line_size() L1_CACHE_BYTES
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h:155:0,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h:4,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h:8,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h:16,
from include/linux/bitops.h:36,
from include/linux/kernel.h:10,
from include/linux/list.h:8,
from include/linux/module.h:9,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/cache.h:7:25: error: ‘CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT’ undeclared here (not in a function)
#define L1_CACHE_SHIFT (CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/cache.h:8:30: note: in expansion of macro ‘L1_CACHE_SHIFT’
#define L1_CACHE_BYTES (1 << L1_CACHE_SHIFT)
^
include/linux/cache.h:12:25: note: in expansion of macro ‘L1_CACHE_BYTES’
#define SMP_CACHE_BYTES L1_CACHE_BYTES
^
include/linux/cache.h:20:58: note: in expansion of macro ‘SMP_CACHE_BYTES’
#define ____cacheline_aligned __attribute__((__aligned__(SMP_CACHE_BYTES)))
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:275:27: note: in expansion of macro ‘____cacheline_aligned’
} __attribute__((packed)) ____cacheline_aligned;
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:52:0,
from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:6,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:275:1: error: requested alignment is not an integer constant
} __attribute__((packed)) ____cacheline_aligned;
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:306:1: error: requested alignment is not an integer constant
} ____cacheline_aligned;
^
In file included from include/asm-generic/percpu.h:6:0,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h:551,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:5,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:308:39: error: requested alignment is not an integer constant
DECLARE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct tss_struct, cpu_tss);
^
include/linux/percpu-defs.h:101:38: note: in definition of macro ‘DECLARE_PER_CPU_SECTION’
extern __PCPU_ATTRS(sec) __typeof__(type) name
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:308:1: note: in expansion of macro ‘DECLARE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED’
DECLARE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct tss_struct, cpu_tss);
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:5:0,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h: In function ‘current_top_of_stack’:
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:466:30: error: ‘cpu_current_top_of_stack’ undeclared (first use in this function)
return this_cpu_read_stable(cpu_current_top_of_stack);
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h:213:9: note: in definition of macro ‘percpu_stable_op’
typeof(var) pfo_ret__; \
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:466:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘this_cpu_read_stable’
return this_cpu_read_stable(cpu_current_top_of_stack);
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:466:30: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
return this_cpu_read_stable(cpu_current_top_of_stack);
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h:213:9: note: in definition of macro ‘percpu_stable_op’
typeof(var) pfo_ret__; \
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:466:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘this_cpu_read_stable’
return this_cpu_read_stable(cpu_current_top_of_stack);
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic.h:240:0,
from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:53,
from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:6,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h: At top level:
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:19:40: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static inline long atomic64_read(const atomic64_t *v)
^
In file included from include/uapi/linux/stddef.h:1:0,
from include/linux/stddef.h:4,
from ./include/uapi/linux/posix_types.h:4,
from include/uapi/linux/types.h:13,
from include/linux/types.h:5,
from include/linux/list.h:4,
from include/linux/module.h:9,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h: In function ‘atomic64_read’:
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:22: error: request for member ‘counter’ in something not a structure or union
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
include/linux/compiler.h:279:17: note: in definition of macro ‘__READ_ONCE’
union { typeof(x) __val; char __c[1]; } __u; \
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘READ_ONCE’
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:22: error: request for member ‘counter’ in something not a structure or union
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
include/linux/compiler.h:281:22: note: in definition of macro ‘__READ_ONCE’
__read_once_size(&(x), __u.__c, sizeof(x)); \
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘READ_ONCE’
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:22: error: request for member ‘counter’ in something not a structure or union
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
include/linux/compiler.h:281:42: note: in definition of macro ‘__READ_ONCE’
__read_once_size(&(x), __u.__c, sizeof(x)); \
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘READ_ONCE’
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:22: error: request for member ‘counter’ in something not a structure or union
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
include/linux/compiler.h:283:30: note: in definition of macro ‘__READ_ONCE’
__read_once_size_nocheck(&(x), __u.__c, sizeof(x)); \
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘READ_ONCE’
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:22: error: request for member ‘counter’ in something not a structure or union
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
include/linux/compiler.h:283:50: note: in definition of macro ‘__READ_ONCE’
__read_once_size_nocheck(&(x), __u.__c, sizeof(x)); \
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:21:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘READ_ONCE’
return READ_ONCE((v)->counter);
^
In file included from ./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic.h:240:0,
from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:53,
from include/linux/thread_info.h:54,
from ./arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:6,
from include/linux/preempt.h:59,
from include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
from include/linux/time.h:5,
from include/linux/stat.h:18,
from include/linux/module.h:10,
from /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.c:1:
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h: At top level:
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:31:33: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static inline void atomic64_set(atomic64_t *v, long i)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:43:50: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static __always_inline void atomic64_add(long i, atomic64_t *v)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:57:41: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static inline void atomic64_sub(long i, atomic64_t *v)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:73:49: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static inline int atomic64_sub_and_test(long i, atomic64_t *v)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:84:42: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static __always_inline void atomic64_inc(atomic64_t *v)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:97:42: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static __always_inline void atomic64_dec(atomic64_t *v)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:112:41: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static inline int atomic64_dec_and_test(atomic64_t *v)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:125:41: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static inline int atomic64_inc_and_test(atomic64_t *v)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:139:49: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static inline int atomic64_add_negative(long i, atomic64_t *v)
^
./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_64.h:151:57: error: unknown type name ‘atomic64_t’
static __always_inline long atomic64_add_return(long i, atomic64_t *v)
I hit the character limit, so I can't post the whole thing, but this is most of it.
I should mention: My target system is an ARM processor, I am building on an x86 64 bit VM with Debian. I have set the CROSS_COMPILER and the PATH to reference the arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi-gcc compiler I am trying to use.
After it being pointed out that the above is pulling from the x86 sources in my source directory, I tried adding ARCH=arm into the make command, which gave the following errors:
CC=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi-gcc
make ARCH=arm -C /home/osboxes/Documents/linux-xcomm_zynq/ M=/home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/osboxes/Documents/linux-xcomm_zynq'
CC [M] /home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.o
gcc: error: unrecognized argument in option ‘-mabi=aapcs-linux’
gcc: note: valid arguments to ‘-mabi=’ are: ms sysv
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option ‘-mlittle-endian’
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option ‘-mno-thumb-interwork’
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option ‘-mfpu=vfp’
scripts/Makefile.build:264: recipe for target '/home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.o' failed
make[2]: *** [/home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM/testmod.o] Error 1
Makefile:1384: recipe for target '_module_/home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM' failed
make[1]: *** [_module_/home/osboxes/Documents/kernel_modules/DRFM] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/osboxes/Documents/linux-xcomm_zynq'
Makefile:7: recipe for target 'cross' failed
make: *** [cross] Error 2
In some other questions I searched for, I saw answers saying that a "error: unrecognized command" might mean I'm using the wrong compiler, but I specified that arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabi-gcc should be used, which should be an appropriate ARM compiler, to my knowledge.
