Karaf (so do Apache ServiceMix / JBoss Fuse)has hot deployment (nowadays this might be supported in JBoss AS / WildFly as well ). Meaning, you can create your routes as independent blueprint xml files in the deploy folder (meaning just xmls). Likewise you can have xml files for every route, whenever you make changes to XML's, it will be redeployed automatically.
This approach has few drawbacks, it will be complex if you have to deal with JPA or if your route has to deal with custom processors / classes.
Check out the examples in Apache ServiceMix / JBoss Fuse project.
I would recommend this approach especially if you want to take a microcontainer approach - Something like light weight Apache Karaf + Camel Route XML files + Docker.
I have done this few years back, may be this feature is possible to achieve in any other containers as well, which I am not sure.