What kind of API's or frameworks are used to assign a note of music a value? Like how would an application like Shazzam take in a note from the microphone and know what to do with it? To me it's amazing a phones microphone and some nifty logic can compete with a tuner from a music shop!
Edit 1.
Interesting papers on the subject. Shazzam the music recognition app's software rests on the principle of Acoustic fingerprinting and a Fast Fourier Transform
Here's an example some similar code in practice