The following is an incomplete implementation for Conway's Game Of Life in Python 3.0 using Tkinter in PyCharm Community Edition.
The program consists of four files:
- Cell.py : Contains a class for a Cell
- Grid.py : Contains a class for a Game of Life Grid
- Windows.py : Contains a class for the tkinter layout
- main.py : Executes the script
Cell.py:
from random import randint
from tkinter import *
class Cell:
def __init__(self, master, state=None):
if state is None:
state = randint(0,2)
self.state = state
self.next_state = state
self.button = Button(master, width=2, height=1, bg = 'black' if self.state == 1 else 'white').pack(side=LEFT)
def __del__(self):
self.button.destroy()
def set_next_state(self, neighbours):
if self.state == 1:
self.next_state = 0 if neighbours < 2 or neighbours > 3 else 1
else:
self.next_state = 1 if neighbours == 3 else 0
def update(self):
self.state = self.next_state
self.button.config( bg = 'black' if self.state == 1 else 'white')
Grid.py:
from tkinter import *
from Cell import Cell
class Grid:
def __init__(self, master, rows=15, cols=15, wraparound=True, pattern=None):
self.master = master
self.rows = rows
self.cols = cols
self.wraparound = wraparound
if len(self.pattern) == rows*cols: self.pattern = pattern
else: self.pattern = None
self.create_frames()
self.create_cells()
def create_frames(self):
self.frames = [Frame(self.master).pack(side=TOP) for r in range(self.rows)]
def destroy_frames(self):
for r in range(self.rows):
self.frames[r].destroy()
def create_cells(self):
self.cells = {}
for r in range(self.rows):
for c in range(self.cols):
if self.pattern is None: self.cells[(r,c)] = Cell(self.frames[r])
else: self.cells[(r,c)] = Cell(self.frames[r], state=self.pattern[r*self.cols+c])
def destroy_cells(self):
for r in range(self.rows):
for c in range(self.cols):
del self.cells[(r,c)]
def count_neighbours(self, r, c):
offsets = [(i,j) for j in range(-1,2) for i in range(-1,2)]
offsets.remove((0,0))
neighbours = 0
for offset in offsets:
if self.wraparound:
neighbours += self.cells[((r+offset[0])%self.rows, (c+offset[1])%self.cols)].state
else:
if r+offset[0] >= self.rows or r+offset[0] < 0 or c+offset[1] >= self.cols or c+offset[1] < 0:
neighbours += 0
else:
neighbours += self.cells[(r+offset[0], c+offset[1])].state
return neighbours
def calculate_next_state(self):
for r in range(self.rows):
for c in range(self.cols):
neighbours = self.count_neighbours(r,c)
self.cells[(r,c)].set_next_state(neighbours)
def update_cells(self):
for r in range(self.rows):
for c in range(self.cols):
self.cells[(r,c)].update()
def step(self):
self.calculate_next_state()
self.update_cells()
def load_pattern(self, rows=10, cols=10, wraparound=True, pattern=None):
self.destroy_cells()
self.destroy_frames()
self.rows = rows
self.cols = cols
self.wraparound = wraparound
self.pattern = pattern
self.create_frames()
self.create_cells()
Windows.py:
from Grid import Grid
from tkinter import *
class MainWindow:
def __init__(self, rows=10, cols=10, wraparound=True, pattern=None):
self.root = Tk()
grid_frame = Frame(self.root).pack(side=TOP)
self.grid = Grid(grid_frame, rows=rows, cols=cols, wraparound=wraparound, pattern=pattern)
button_frame = Frame(self.root).pack(side=BOTTOM)
self.time_interval = 1000
self.start_stop_button = Button(button_frame, text='START', command=self.start_stepper).pack(side=LEFT)
self.step_button = Button(button_frame, text='STEP', command=self.grid.step)
self.menubar = Menu(self.root)
self.menubar.add_command(label='Change Time Interval', command=self.change_time_interval)
self.root.config(menu=self.menubar)
self.root.mainloop()
def change_time_interval(self):
# Incomplete
pass
def start_stepper(self):
# Incomplete
pass
def stop_stepper(self):
# Incomplete
pass
main.py:
from Windows import MainWindow
game = MainWindow()
When I run main.py I get the following output:
Output:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Tyler/PycharmProjects/GameOfLife/main.py", line 3, in <module>
game = MainWindow()
File "C:\Users\Tyler\PycharmProjects\GameOfLife\Windows.py", line 9, in __init__
self.grid = Grid(grid_frame, rows=rows, cols=cols, wraparound=wraparound, pattern=pattern)
TypeError: object.__new__() takes no parameters
I am at my wits end with this as I never overwrite the default __new__ method. After checking all of the other stack overflow questions of this type most solutions were correcting some form of spelling __init__ to __init__. I am relatively new to python scripting so any help to debug this with an explenation as to why the error is produced would be most appreciated.
