First, this question is offtopic here, and should be on https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com .
Second, it is trivial enough just to answer: the color to alpha
plug-in is not there to turn a single color, as seem on the image, to transparency: it is a sophisticated plug-in that will remove one color of your image in a way that, if you lace the new image over a background of the same color the color you removed, you get the original image back.
Thus, in your case, it removed the "whiteness" of your chair, transforming all pixels to different opaque shades of black - so that when placed over white, you get the original image.
To simply remove the white, you have to cick on the Select By Color
tool (by default th 5th icon on the toolbox), click on the white background to have it selected, and then just edit->cut
. (It won't work if your image layer does not have transparency to start with - if that is the case, prior to edit->cut
do Layer->Transparency->Add Alpha Channel
).
If you get aliased borders, then, after edit>cut, but prior to dismissing your selection, you can do Select->Border...
by 1 or 2px, and then use the color to alpha
filter with White on this selection.
For more information on Color to Alpha, I have this other answer its use and comparison with edit-cut here: https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/28058/gimp-color-to-alpha-is-not-selectable/28097#28097