ansi c struct {with dynamic array} assigned to array which is realloc

Question

why the below code gives me error of "double free or corruption"... when i compile and run with gcc [(Debian 4.4.4-8) 4.4.5 20100728 (prerelease)]. Thanks in advance!

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct
{
 int *index1;
} data;

void doo(int *);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 int *a = (int *) malloc(10*sizeof(int));
 int i;

 for(i=0; i<10; i++)
 {
  a[i] = 2*i;
 }

 doo(a);

 data one;
 one.index1 = a;

 printf("%d\n", one.index1[4]);

 free(a);

 printf("%d\n", one.index1[4]);

 free(one.index1);
 return 0;
}

void doo(int *b)
{
 b = (int *) realloc(b, 5*sizeof(int));
 return;
}

Answer 1

Because the storage pointed to by 'a' and 'one.index1' are the same (assignment before the first printf). Thus you have a double free.

Answer 2

one.index1=a;
...
free(a);
...
free(one.index1);
...

Ergo, the double free.

void doo(int *b)
{
 b = (int *) realloc(b, 5*sizeof(int));
 return;
}

When you pass the a pointer to this function, its value(which is infact an address), gets copied into b, another local int pointer. Now, when you realloc space for 5 ints, it changes the space allocation for a infact. So your space gets reduced from 10 to 5 ints.

As requested by OP, to get the same data & separate memory pointers, space must be allocated afresh for the new pointer, as a pointer is after all, just a variable, holding an address. If you allocate two separate blocks, you would get two separate addresses, which can be freed individually.

Answer 3

You are passing to doo a pointer. You modify the pointer itself, but your main function does not get the new address.

Answer 4

That happens because you make one.index1 and a point to the same memory location.

To test this add the following to your code:

 one.index1 = a; // from now on, both variables point to the same address

 printf("-> 0x%x\n", one.index1);
 printf("-> 0x%x\n", a);

 printf("%d\n", one.index1[4]);

 free(a); // release the resource pointed by a

 // You should not try to print the data of one.index1[4] since 
 // that piece of memory doesn't exist no more. 
 printf("%d\n", one.index1[4]); 

 free(one.index1); // Problem: trying to free the same memory resource TWICE.

You'll notice that both pointers will print the same memory addresses. So after free(a); is executed, performing free(one.index1); is redundant, and trying to free a resource that is not allocated anymore is what is causes the problem.